Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Babies (Cradle Cap)

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a type of skin inflammation which mainly affects the scalp and face. The exact cause is not known. A type of fungal germ called Malassezia furfur (previously called Pityrosporum ovale) is thought to be involved. However, it is not just a simple skin infection and it is not contagious. This germ lives in the sebum (oil) of human skin and may cause the skin to 'react'.

Many babies have a mild form of this condition within the first six months of life, but it usually goes away on its own by about eight months of age. It does not occur in older children. Some teenagers and adults have a related condition which causes bad dandruff and a rash. (See separate leaflet called 'Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Adults'.)

What are the symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis in babies?

Symptoms include:

• Cradle cap. This is areas of greasy, yellow, scaly patches on the scalp. In some cases a thick scaly layer covers the whole scalp. Over time the scales may become flaky and rub off easily. The condition is not usually itchy and in most cases the baby is not aware of any problem or discomfort.
• Rash. In addition to cradle cap, some affected babies develop a mild red rash on the eyebrows, on the skin next to their nose, or in the creases of the skin such as in the front of the elbows or behind the knees. (The rash is sometimes confused with mild atopic eczema.)

The condition most commonly develops around about three months of age, but can develop sooner. It tends to last a few weeks or months, and then goes.

What is the treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis in babies?

Treatment is not usually needed as the condition is usually mild, is not serious, and does not usually cause any discomfort to the baby. The appearance of the scalp can be improved by daily washing with a baby shampoo followed by gentle brushing with a soft brush to loosen scales. Alternatively, soften the scales with baby oil first, followed by gentle brushing, then wash off with baby shampoo.

If needed, an antifungal cream such as ketoconazole 2% cream may be prescribed by a doctor. This will usually clear the rash.