What are condoms?

A condom covers the erect penis during sex and stops sperm from entering the woman's vagina. Most male condoms are made from thin latex (rubber). About 2 in 100 people are allergic to latex. The newer polyurethane (plastic) condom can then be used. Polyurethane condoms are also odour free, thinner and more sensitive than latex condoms, but are more expensive.

How effective is the male condom?

The male condom is 98% effective if used correctly. This means that about 2 women in 100 will become pregnant each year if condoms are used correctly for contraception. (Compare this to when no contraception is used. More than 80 in 100 sexually active women who do not use contraception become pregnant within one year.)

If condoms are used less carefully then they become less effective. Correct use means:

• Using a condom every time you have sex.
• Putting it on before the penis touches the vaginal area.
• The penis should not touch the woman's vaginal area after the condom is taken off.

What are the advantages of the condom?

They are easy to buy and use, and are free from medical risks. They can be very reliable if used carefully. They help to protect from sexually transmitted infections. They may help to prevent cervical cancer (cancer of the neck of the uterus).

What are the disadvantages of the male condom?

Some people feel it is an interruption to sex to put a condom on. Some men feel that they are less sensitive. The condom may sometimes split.

How do I use a condom?

Read the instructions on the packet carefully. The following is just a general guide:

• Make sure the condom you use is of good quality (look for the British standards kite mark and "use by" date).
• Put the condom on the penis before any contact with the vagina.
• Use each condom only once.
• Pinch the teat to get rid of air and then roll the condom onto the erect penis.
• You should not use oil based products such as vaseline, body oils, or lotions with latex condoms. They can damage latex and cause the condom to split. If you want to use a lubricant with a latex condom then use KY Jelly or a spermicidal jelly. Any lubricant is fine with polyurethane condoms.
• After sex, withdraw the penis before it becomes too soft.
• Take care not to spill any semen when taking off the condom.
• If the condom splits or slips off, seek advice about emergency contraception within 72 hours.

Common errors using a condom include the following:

• The penis may leak sperm before the man ejaculates ('comes'). If there is any contact with the vaginal area before the condom is put on, pregnancy may occur.
• The condom may leak when the penis is withdrawn.
• If sex had occurred earlier there may be sperm still on the penis. If there is any contact with the vagina before a new condom is put on pregnancy may occur.
• Damage to the condom may cause the condom to split. For example, by sharp fingernails.

Note: if any of the above happens then you should obtain emergency contraception within 72 hours. It is more effective the sooner it is taken after sexual intercourse.

Further information

Your GP and practice nurse are good sources of information if you have any queries.

The fpa (formerly the family planning association) also provide information and advice.
fpa's Helpline: 0845 310 1334 or visit their website www.fpa.org.uk