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Current terminology The old classification and terminology have been deemed unhelpful to management by many and abandoned in favour of a classification which not only highlights the underlying path...
Boys with the non-salt-losing form present with early virilisation at age 2-4 years. Patients with the non-classic CAH present with hyperandrogenism in later childhood or in early adulthoo...
Boys with the non-salt-losing form: these children are usually diagnosed because they develop early virilisation. This means there are signs of early puberty such as an enlarged penis or an i...
Bone density in adulthood: osteoporosis is common. Virilisation: the presence of virilisation should prompt a thorough search for Y chromosome material and for gonadal, adrenal or...
Ovarian causes: PCOS : virilisation is minimal and hirsutism is often prominent. This is the most common cause and is present in approximately 70% of cases. [ 3 , 4 ] Menopause ....
Signs of androgen excess Features of androgen excess may include hirsutism, acne and virilisation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : PCOS accounts for as many as 30% of cases of ...
Examination of the abdomen may reveal a mass in Wilms' tumour and abdominal bruit may suggest coarctation or other vascular abnormalities including in the renal system. Virilisation ...
Confirmation of a female fetus in pregnancies known to be at risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) allows prenatal treatment with dexamethasone, thus reducing the risk of virilisation ...
If there are signs of virilisation, rapidly progressing hirsutism or high total testosterone level then suspect one of the latter three. 17-hydroxyprogesterone, measured in the follicular pha...
Testicular Leydig-cell tumours may cause early virilisation in males. McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) . A genetic condition in which affected individuals are at risk of multiple endocrinop...
Endocrine - hormone-secreting tumours may cause virilisation, menstrual irregularities or postmenopausal bleeding . This is uncommon though. Differential diagnosis Non-neoplastic...
Clitoral enlargement and severe acne suggest androgen excess and virilisation. Puberty stages in girls Tanner's stages of puberty in girls are summarised in the table below.
Partial virilisation at birth of a genotypical female can result in varying degrees of posterior labial fusion and clitoral enlargement.