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Assessment of the eyes for opacities, red reflex and colour of sclera. Assessment of neck and clavicles, limbs, hands, feet and digits: assess proportions and symmetry.
You can elicit the red reflex in both eyes and compare the size of these directly rather than shifting from one to the other close up. , Ophthalmology Red eye Eye symptoms and sig...
Dark spots in the red reflex can be due to cataracts, corneal abnormalities, or opacities in the vitreous. The red reflex may be absent with a dense cataract. Corneal light reflex...
Note whether this improves using a pinhole. The red reflex: a media opacity (appears black against the red reflex) suggests a corneal, lens or vitreous problem.
Referral [ 14 ] If an infant or child presents with a sign or indication of Rb, a red reflex test must be performed. In a child with a white pupillary reflex (leukocoria) ...
Fundoscopy: loss of the red reflex, vitreous opacities, or detached retinal folds (appear pale, opaque and wrinkled). Children: Infants usually present with a white pupillary reflex (...
If you cannot obtain a red reflex, it is likely that the problem lies within one or more of these structures. This may be an intrinsic problem to the structure (eg, corneal oedema secondary t...
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends considering urgent referral (for an appointment within two weeks) for ophthalmological assessment for retinoblastoma in children...
Spinal Disc Problems (Discitis and Back Pain Red Flags), Presence of a positive Babinski reflex (toes extend and fan outwards when the lateral part of the sole of the foot is stimula...
If there seems to be size asymmetry, stand back and observe the red reflex of both eyes simultaneously with the ophthalmoscope. A slight difference will become more apparent.
Marked hypotonia or other feeding difficulties should prompt a radiographic swallowing assessment. Red reflex testing should be performed to check for congenital cataracts. A standard o...
Check for presence of red reflex. If absent consider retinoblastoma. Look for obvious cataracts or signs of ophthalmic infection.
Decreased red reflex. Decreased visual acuity. Slit-lamp examination will reveal severe inflammation in the anterior chamber and the vitreous, with cells and fibrin, vitreous inflamma...
Retinal hamartomas or astrocytomas can also occur but they rarely cause visual symptoms (but do cause an abnormal red reflex). Diagnosis Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on exami...
There may be an altered red reflex, with a grey or folded appearance. Visual acuity This should be checked in all patients.
Before 'homing in' on the fundus, check the red reflex: spots within this suggest a vitreous haemorrhage. Start at the disc and systematically work your way out along each main arteri...
Individuals with albinism have a rather transparent iris so that the red reflex is easily seen, although its colour varies from blue to brown. Most patients have deteriorating or poor visio...
Signs of cataracts Opacities can be seen as defects in the red reflex obtained when the ophthalmoscope is held 60 cm from the eye. This is best seen with a dilated pupil.
Fundus Loss of red reflex could be due to blood in the vitreous or a large retinal detachment. If possible, examine with a slit lamp for corneal oedema, epithelial disruption, or ant...
The three screening methods needed to detect strabismus are: Gross inspection. Light reflex tests, including the Brückner test (inspection for a red reflex). Cover t...