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Neonatal encephalopathy has been reported at the following approximate prevalences in children with cerebral palsy born after 35 weeks: Attributed to a perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic injur...
Initial hypoxic events may cause the infant to have long-term neurological problems, including seizures , general learning disability and cerebral palsy .
Given time, humans are able to acclimatise to increasing altitude by: Increasing ventilation (via carotid body hypoxic ventilatory response). Haemoconcentration: Short term: by...
For example, in patients with respiratory failure, rather than limit the use of O 2 to maintain hypoxic ventilatory drive, it can be adjusted to a saturation of ~90% which is clinically acce...
This explains why hypoxic or poorly perfused tissue is attractive to these organisms. The powerful toxins lead to breakdown of cells, coagulation and microvascular thrombosis and these can...
There is no evidence for a beneficial effect of benzodiazepines for the relief of dyspnoea associated with cancer or COPD. [ 2 ] However, guidelines continue to recommend their use for reducing anxie...
Assessment Assessment is important because some breathless patients are not hypoxic and hypoxic (even cyanosed ) patients are not always breathless. Detailed assessment involving...
There is still no consensus about which patient to refer before air travel and the gold standard test of assessment of hypoxaemia in COPD and patients with dyspnoea on exertion, forced expiratory volu...
Ischaemic chest pain, Stokes-Adams attacks, hypoxic seizures, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular collapse and sudden cardiac death may occur, depending on the underlying cause of bradyc...
Development and puberty may be delayed. Hypoxic spells are potentially lethal, unpredictable episodes that occur even in non-cyanotic patients with TOF.
Beware the prolonged use of high-concentration oxygen in chronic sufferers who have become reliant on their hypoxic drive to maintain an adequate ventilation rate. Elevating the PaO 2 too mu...
The perinatal death rate is between 20-25%. 50% of surviving neonates are neurologically intact; hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy are common.
Anxiolytics can relieve dyspnoea by depressing hypoxic or hypercapnic ventilatory responses and altering the emotional response to dyspnoea. Corticosteroids may be necessary in emergency s...
Of these, pCO 2 is most important, although some people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can depend on the hypoxic drive. Epidemiology It is quite common but pr...
All the complications of a normal vaginal delivery, plus: Uterine hyperstimulation; fetal distress and hypoxic damage to the baby. Uterine rupture , especially in multiparous wome...
Management Oxygen therapy for patients who are hypoxic. Treatment of the underlying cause.
Symptomatic Almost any disorder that can produce brain damage can be associated with infantile spasms. [ 1 ] Prenatal conditions (including hydrocephalus , microcephaly, Sturge-Weber synd...
Other potential indications include hypoxic brain swelling after drowning, meningitis, encephalitis, venous sinus thrombosis and hepatic encephalopathy.
All victims receiving abdominal thrusts require examination of the abdomen with a particular view to visceral injuries. Hypoxic brain injury and death . Prevention Tragedy due ...
A review of children presenting in India has found causes in this age group to include congenital, inflammatory, infective, traumatic and vascular, including perinatal insults, space-occupying lesions...