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Digoxin and the Cardiac Glycosides, Cardiac glycosides are natural sterols and constitute a group of secondary metabolites isolated from plants and animals. , Atrial fibrillation S...
Classifying anti-arrhythmic drugs Anti-arrhythmic drugs can be classified clinically into: Those that act on supraventricular arrhythmias - eg, adenosine, verapamil, cardiac glycoside...
Cardiac Enzymes, Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and biological processes in your body. Cardiac enzymes are also sometimes called cardiac biomarkers. T...
Cardiac Catheterisation, What is a cardiac catheterisation? Cardiac catheterisation is a procedure in which a very thin plastic catheter is passed into the chambers of th...
Cardiac Rehabilitation, What is cardiac rehabilitation? Cardiac rehabilitation is the process by which a person who has coronary heart disease, or who has had a myoca...
Cardiac Catheterisation, Cardiac catheterisation is an invasive diagnostic procedure that provides information about the structure and function of the heart, using a technique call...
Cardiac Investigations, Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely applied in cardiac applications, including coronary calcium scoring, coronary CT angiography, fractional flow reserve CT, plaque...
Cardiac Transplant, Investigations [ 1 ] Exercise testing with measurement of maximum oxygen uptake is often used to make an objective assessment of the severity of cardiac dysf...
Cardiac Tumours, (Epidemiology) Primary cardiac tumours are rare and account for 5-10% of all cardiac tumours. [ 2 ] Metastases to the heart from other primary cancers are much mor...
Cardiac Tamponade, Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of blood, fluid, pus, clots, or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and subsequent haem...
Microvascular Angina (Cardiac Syndrome X), What is cardiac syndrome X? Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is thought to be a type of angina . In CSX chest pain is felt when the he...
Tachycardia/irregular pulse - consider overdose of salbutamol, antimuscarinics, tricyclics, quinine, phenothiazine, chloral hydrate, cardiac glycosides, amfetamines and theophylline poisoning...
Cardiac Disease In Pregnancy, Therefore, women with pre-existing cardiac disease and those who present with cardiac disease during pregnancy require specialist assessment an...
Cardiac Enzymes and Markers for Myocardial Infarction, These assays may therefore define a high-risk patient population and may lead to more appropriate therapy and improved outcomes in these...
Sudden Cardiac Death in Young People, What is sudden cardiac death? Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected death due to cardiac causes occurring in a shor...
Microvascular Angina (Cardiac Syndrome X), Investigations for microvascular angina include non-invasive methods such as: Transthoracic Doppler, contrast echocardiography. Cardiac...
Cardiac-type Chest Pain Presenting in Primary Care, It is often difficult to be certain as to whether chest pain is of cardiac or non-cardiac cause. A full history should ...
The main reasons for carrying out a CABG procedure are to relieve symptoms of chest pain and to prevent further cardiac muscle from being starved of oxygen and the associated muscle death. ...
After a big meal. Cardiac syncope. This is any faint that's caused by a heart problem. Examples of heart problems include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and narrowing of ...
Angina can also be caused by cardiac syndrome X (CSX). The chest pain caused by coronary artery spasm often occurs at rest and commonly doesn't occur during exercise.