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Cardiac Catheterisation, What is a cardiac catheterisation? Cardiac catheterisation is a procedure in which a very thin plastic catheter is passed into the chambers of th...
Cardiac Catheterisation, Cardiac catheterisation is an invasive diagnostic procedure that provides information about the structure and function of the heart, using a technique call...
Cardiac Enzymes, Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and biological processes in your body. Cardiac enzymes are also sometimes called cardiac biomarkers. T...
Cardiac Rehabilitation, What is cardiac rehabilitation? Cardiac rehabilitation is the process by which a person who has coronary heart disease, or who has had a myoca...
Cardiac Investigations, Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely applied in cardiac applications, including coronary calcium scoring, coronary CT angiography, fractional flow reserve CT, plaque...
Cardiac Transplant, Investigations [ 1 ] Exercise testing with measurement of maximum oxygen uptake is often used to make an objective assessment of the severity of cardiac dysf...
Cardiac Tumours, (Epidemiology) Primary cardiac tumours are rare and account for 5-10% of all cardiac tumours. [ 2 ] Metastases to the heart from other primary cancers are much mor...
Cardiac Tamponade, Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of blood, fluid, pus, clots, or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and subsequent haem...
Microvascular Angina (Cardiac Syndrome X), What is cardiac syndrome X? Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is thought to be a type of angina . In CSX chest pain is felt when the he...
Digoxin and the Cardiac Glycosides, These cardiotonic agents are well recognised and accepted in the treatment of various cardiac diseases as they can increase the rate of cardia...
Cardiac Disease In Pregnancy, Therefore, women with pre-existing cardiac disease and those who present with cardiac disease during pregnancy require specialist assessment an...
Cardiac Enzymes and Markers for Myocardial Infarction, These assays may therefore define a high-risk patient population and may lead to more appropriate therapy and improved outcomes in these...
Sudden Cardiac Death in Young People, What is sudden cardiac death? Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected death due to cardiac causes occurring in a shor...
Microvascular Angina (Cardiac Syndrome X), Investigations for microvascular angina include non-invasive methods such as: Transthoracic Doppler, contrast echocardiography. Cardiac...
Cardiac-type Chest Pain Presenting in Primary Care, It is often difficult to be certain as to whether chest pain is of cardiac or non-cardiac cause. A full history should ...
The main reasons for carrying out a CABG procedure are to relieve symptoms of chest pain and to prevent further cardiac muscle from being starved of oxygen and the associated muscle death. ...
After a big meal. Cardiac syncope. This is any faint that's caused by a heart problem. Examples of heart problems include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and narrowing of ...
Angina can also be caused by cardiac syndrome X (CSX). The chest pain caused by coronary artery spasm often occurs at rest and commonly doesn't occur during exercise.
Regular exercise is one of the main parts of heart (cardiac) rehabilitation programmes that are popular after having a heart attack. Regular exercise is a major way to reduce the risk of havi...
The scans that can be done for the heart include: A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the heart. A computerised tomography (CT) coronary scan - also called CT coro...